Cell biology is a branch of biology that focuses on the structure, function, and growth of cells, the basic unit of life. Cell specialization, also known as cell differentiation, is the process by which cells acquire specific functions and become specialized to perform specific tasks in the body. In the field of stem cell research, cell biology and cell specialization are closely intertwined, as stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various cell types and self-renew. Cell biologists study the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate stem cell behavior and cell specialization, including gene expression and signaling pathways, in order to better understand how stem cells can be used for tissue repair and regeneration by regenerative medicine. The insights gained from this research are helping to drive the development of new stem cell based therapies and treatments for a wide range of diseases and conditions.